Romatism and anti-Enlightenment ideas, that is what chapter 22 speaks about. After the Napoleonic wars Europe was in search of a balance of power, equal for all. Shortly after the ideas of libersim and nationalism came into play. French utopian then submerged with he idea of socialism, which a strong government would take over in the favor of the people and control all their well beings. The people soon started believing in romantism, a belief of emotional exuberance, unrestrained imagination, in both art and personal life. Why did society begin trying to identify and differentiate themselves as socialism was taken place? I believe that as the government was taking over, taking charge or their property and life, a rebellion of such sort, was to create something the government could not take, their imagination. The government could never take their minds.

 

 Louis Philippe, "the Citizen King", first promised to help the financial problems many poor urban workers were experiencing. Louis Philippe was Frances last King, until Louis napoleon is elected as president and turns into an emperor by the votes of the people, promising them unrealistic things. Louis Philippe's end of reign let tot he bloody June days. Revolts by the urban workers about their incomes was the source of the revolts.

 

 Louis napoleon, as was mentioned above reigned after King Louis Philippe. Elected into office by direct popular vote after the June days, by the second republic, he was shortly trouble. he created the coup d'état after being declined for a second term. On his uncles coronation anniversary he too became emperor of France. He encouraged the French banking system and idea of savings and investments and financed railways to be built to modernized France.

 

 Karl Marx, from Germany, united sociology, and economics. He argued that the middle classes interest and those of the working industrial class were practically opposites to each other, because of the idea that one class has always exploited another. He split the middle class into two, the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat.  He published multiple books trying to spread his ideas such as The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital.

 

 In the United States of America at this time, President Andrew Jackson was in office and on April 20, 1832.The first act of Congress signed to protect a natural resource. the act reserved four parcels of land with hot mineral springs in Arkansas Territory at Hot Springs. While Europe was eating away at all it usable resources such as coal and water the US had begun seeing that perhaps conservation and moderation would be best for the lifetime of a resource.

 

 On January 6, 1838 Samuel Morse publicly demonstrated his invention the telegraph and developed the Morse Code system of communication. In time, his system of communication would be used all across the world, and this would improve Europe's economic standpoint by being able to communicate with factories and locomotives about shipped or incoming products.

 

 

John Constable's The Hay Wain strongly emits the Romantic idea of nature filled emotion. The scene is very open, simple, natural, very much like the country was at that time while urban cities developed. a farmer had his piece of land and worked to receive his shares from the final product. this painting merely portrays the total opposite of what Europe was becoming at this time with the First and Second Industrial Revolution.

 

Romatism can have many aspects, from darkness to light and simple nature and the way artist manipulated it to fit their emotions amazes me. In almost every time period, art and literature take  different force or theme but tit contuse to evolve no matter the political or economic problems the world might be in. It seems to be that with so many point of view such as socialism and liberalism one always seems to come up on top and spread through Europe like the plague. Two things that interested me very much was the art that was produced in this time period, the emotion behind each painting is breath taken. Each person can have a different interpretation of a piece and that is what makes art beautiful.One question that remains unanswered s why does France after it revolution return into a dictatorship. I would have thought that they were fighting for something they truly wanted yet they so carelessly gave it away.

 

Chapter 21 opens up discussing about the industrial revolution in Europe and how it improved the quality of living for many, but on the other hand it also created harsh working conditions for factory workers. Inventions were being created and textile and producing industries entered a successful market. Through this time period we see industrialization truly take flight and prosper which sets the stage for this blog. It all began with the increasing job openings in urban cities and escalated itself to full blown factories and multiple laws protecting each and everyone of its workers. The only question that remains is how did all of this begin? Well from what I have researched and learned about this chapter it was because of the "mood" Europe was in that set the tone for inventions and the curiosity behind natural world. from there they found out that they could make older machines more efficient by thinking the process through carefully and introducing small changes and technics that perfected the instruments in factories making the production more efficient and more profitable.


James Watt was the Scottish inventor who modified the Newcomen Steam engine. He studied mechanical steam engines and physics at the University of Glasgow, and when one came across his path to be fixed, he realized the engine could become much more efficient in its waste of energy emitted from the coal if a second condenser was inserted in the cycle. From that moment on, Europe realized that with coal, an other resources the amount of energy and power they could produce was unlimited.

Henry Cort was another important figure in this industrial revolution in Europe, he developed the puddling furnace which permitted pig iron to be refined in turn with coke. Not only did he invent heavy-duty steam-powered engines rolling mills, which finished iron pieces. all his inventions lead up to massive production which let to great success. with iron production and coke smelting, his invention transformed a resource who was once scares to one in abundance, supporting the economy greatly.

George Stephenson invented the first successful locomotive, named the Rocket. He also created the first inner city railways line originating from Liverpool to Manchester. This greatly reduce the price of shipping from one location to another. Thus, witch coverage growing, large companies took place making production greater and selling it throughout the country. This created more jobs, for unskilled laborers and poor peasants in need for a job to build railroads.

Back in the United States in 1815, instead of the newly invented locomotive, the horse powered railroads took action. During that time an American engineer named John Stevens permission to build a steam-powered railroad across the state. Unfortunately due to financial problems, he ended up building a circular track were his steam powered vehicle successfully.

Later on, in 1820's, the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company of Pennsylvania built a railroad. In 1829, the company ran an English-built locomotive, the Stourbridge Lion along the wooden track. Shortly after, it then became the first full-sized locomotive to run on a track in North America. Tracks were then installed and created across the country.


This Picture depicts the traditional urban setting in Europe. Factories became the main focus in cities. The emissions from the insides of building and from the production line were emitted out by the large funnels like chimneys. Housing near by the factories were available for the workers for fast and easy meals and sleep. It did not take much to get out of the urban area and fall into the country side.

Three things I have learned from this chapter, was without a doubt the multiple inventions and factory improvements that were done. Such as the stem engine, the locomotive, the spinning jenny and much more. Two things that interested me was how was the urban cities grew. Buildings were sampling rising from everywhere. Another pout would be how many jobs it offered and how fast they were able to fill those position because of the abundance of people willing to work. After all, I am still pulsed about how long it took before the word about these inventions got out to other countries. they had to steal or invent a similar model to urbanize every city in their country.